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Brain Tumour
Brain controls all the activities of the body like memory and learning, senses which includes hearing, sight, smell, taste, and touch, and emotion.It also controls other parts of the body, including muscles, organs, and blood vessels.
Brain tumours are diseases in which the cancer cells begin to grow in the tissues of the brain.The tumours that start in the brain are called primary brain tumors.
Also, tumours cann started growing somewhere in the body and spread to brain and the conditionn is called as metastatic brain tumors.
Symptoms
* Frequent headaches.
* Vomiting.
* Loss of appetite.
* Changes in mood and personality.
* Changes in ability to think and learn.
* Seizures.
* Lethargy.
* weakness of various parts of the body, especially an arm or a leg
* difficulties in coordination or balance
* impairment of memory
* various vision defects
* speech problems
* changes in sensation
The grade of the tumours is determined by how the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly it is spreading and growing.This can be determined from tissue removed for biopsy.
Grade
GRADE I
The tumor grows slowly.It has cells that look similar to normal cells, and rarely spreads into nearby tissues. It may be possible to remove the entire tumor by surgery.
GRADE II
The tumor grows slowly, but may spread into nearby tissue and may become a higher-grade tumor.
GRADE III
The tumor grows quickly.It is likely to spread into nearby tissue, and the tumor cells look very different from normal cells.
GRADE IV
The tumor grows very aggressively, has cells that look very different from normal cells, and is difficult to treat successfully.
The type of recovery and treatment depends on the type, grade, and location of the tumour.
Treatment
There are different types of treatment used.Some of them are standard treatments which are being currently used, and some under testing in clinical trials.Before the patient is treated, he should be subjected to clinical trials.
This clinical trial is made to determine whether the patient been given a current treatment or he should be subjected for new treatments.If it is found that a new treatment is better than a current treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.
There are three types of standard treatments.They are:
SURGERY
Surgery is used when possible to treat brain tumor as though there are no more options.
RADIATION THERAPY
Radiation therapy is used to treat tumour by using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill the infected cells.There are two types of radiation therapy used. One is External radiation therapy which uses a machine outside the body to send radiation.The other one is Internal radiation therapy,which uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the affected area.The treatment dependa on the type and stage of the tumour.
CHEMOTHERAPY
Chemotherapy is used to treat tumour,by using drugs to stop the growth of cells.This is done either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing.
When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle
the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach tumour cells throughout the body and this is called as systemic chemotherapy.
]When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect tumour cells in those areas and this type is called as regional chemotherapy.
A dissolving wafer may be used to deliver the drug directly into the brain tumor site after the tumor has been removed by surgery. The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Diagnosis
In addition to a medical history and physical examination the patient may be recommended to have some radiologic tests including a head CT (computed tomography) scan or a head MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
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